• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for the production of composite ceilings, in which wood elements (1) are placed directly next to each other on supports and connected to each other and by applying a concrete layer (4) a composite ceiling is produced. A slight deflection is inventively achieved in that the connecting elements (2) on the wooden elements (1) are fixed and then reinforcing elements (3) are placed on the connecting elements (2), wherein the reinforcing elements (3) without play with the connecting elements (2). get connected.
    公开号:AT520303A4
    申请号:T600252018
    申请日:2018-02-13
    公开日:2019-03-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Engelhart Klaus Dipl Ing；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a method for producing composite ceilings, in which wood elements are placed directly adjacent to each other on supports and interconnected, wherein fasteners are mounted on the wood elements and then reinforcing elements are placed on the fasteners and by applying a concrete layer, a composite ceiling is made.
    The present invention also relates to a composite ceiling, with a plurality of juxtaposed wooden elements, on which fasteners are mounted, and with a concrete layer, which is arranged on the wooden elements and which is provided with reinforcing elements.
    As wooden elements in the above sense wood beams should be included, which may be constructed in one piece or glued from boards, but also plate-shaped elements that may be constructed, for example, multi-layered. In any case, a single wood element typically spans the area between two supports and, as a rule, several wood elements are arranged next to one another.
    It is already known to perform building ceilings as so-called composite ceilings, in which typically a lower section made of wood and an overlying section made of concrete. An advantage of such composite ceilings is that the wood layer serves as a lost formwork and thus the production is simplified. The wood layer provides a structural advantage for the space below the ceiling. In terms of strength and rigidity, composite ceilings benefit from the high tensile strength of wood and the fact that the entire cross section of the wood can take tensile forces, which is in contrast to a pure concrete pavement in which tensile forces can essentially only be absorbed by the reinforcement. In the case of a composite floor, the wood is essentially subjected to tension and the concrete is subjected to pressure, so that the advantageous properties of these building materials are optimally utilized.
    DE 198 18 525 A discloses a wood-concrete composite element in which a wood layer is composed of a plurality of squared timbers, the over
    Connecting elements with a concrete layer is in communication. In addition, reinforcing elements are provided within the concrete layer. These are already necessary to avoid cracks in the concrete layer due to shrinkage during curing. With such a composite ceiling, the advantages described above can be achieved. However, the strength and in particular the stiffness of such a composite cover is inadequate for some applications. Therefore, in some cases too much thickness of the
    Material layers required to meet given requirements.
    A particular disadvantage of the known solution is that the wood layer due to the poor connection with the concrete layer also comes to a pressure load of the wood, which can be absorbed only inadequate compared to a tensile load.
    The object of the present invention is to avoid these disadvantages and to provide a method for producing a composite ceiling and a special composite ceiling, so that the strength and rigidity of the composite ceiling can be increased under otherwise identical conditions.
    According to the invention this is achieved by a method in which the
    Reinforcement elements are connected without play with the connecting elements.
    The composite ceiling according to the invention is characterized in that the reinforcing elements are connected to the connecting elements independently of the concrete layer without play.
    The essential advantage of the present invention is that the transmission of shear forces between wood and concrete is done not only by the connecting elements, as is the case in the prior art, but also by the reinforcing elements, wherein the connecting elements act as intermediate members. An essential aspect of the invention is that the connecting elements and the reinforcing elements are connected to each other directly and without the possibility of relative movement, so that the power transmission begins to act even with a minimal deformation of the composite ceiling. In the case of an indirect connection via the concrete layer as in the prior art, a limited relative movement between wood and concrete can take place without any significant shearing forces being transmitted. This can be on the
    Beginning of a load, the wood layer and the concrete layer deform without significant forces are transferred between them, which leads not only to a reduced strength, but also to an increased deflection under load.
    In the solution according to the invention such a transfer of
    Shear forces on the border between concrete and wood already with minimal deflection and therefore with minimal load. Therefore, in principle, the composite ceiling can be treated as a homogeneous support, except that the elastic modulus may vary in the thickness direction.
    It is also an important aspect of the invention that the forces are introduced from the wood layer via the connecting elements over a large area in the concrete layer. As a result, the materials can be used optimally to optimize the load capacity. The wood layer is loaded solely or at least predominantly on train, the entire cross section is available for receiving the load. An unfavorable compressive stress is thereby avoided.
    It has proven to be particularly favorable when a connecting element is used in each case for the connection of two adjacent wooden elements. It is in itself possible to provide fasteners only for connecting a wooden element with the reinforcement. However, the double use of the connecting elements is particularly advantageous.
    In this context, it is particularly advantageous if a
    Connecting element is inserted into a groove which is formed by two adjacent wooden elements. As a result, a force transmission between a connecting element and the adjacent wooden elements is not only done by the nails or staples, with which the connection is put up, but also positively over the edges of the groove and the adjacent thereto
    Connecting element.
    It is particularly preferred if the reinforcing elements are inserted in receiving grooves of the connecting elements. As a result, in particular at the construction site, the connection can be produced in a simple manner by virtue of the fact that the reinforcing elements, typically in the form of conventional reinforcing steel mesh, are connected to the
    Connecting elements are placed and hammered into the grooves. It is helpful if the grooves of adjacent fasteners are aligned so that only a minimal deformation of the steel mesh is required to make the connection.
    A particularly rigid structure of the composite ceiling can be achieved in that a reinforcing element is connected in each case with a plurality of connecting elements.
    In particular, when using one-piece solid wood beams as wood elements, it can come to the laying of slight height deviations in the central region of the ceiling in that the individual beams are not completely straight. A completely flat ceiling soffit can be ensured in particular by aligning the wooden elements in the vertical direction before fastening the connecting elements. This can be done, for example, so that individual beams projecting downwards are placed in the middle to push them slightly upwards.
    The wood elements are preferably provided with a hydrophobic protective layer before the concrete layer is applied. As a result, a substantial reduction in the water absorption of the wood elements during manufacture can be achieved, which reduces the risk of undesirable deformations.
    It is preferable to carry out the construction of the composite ceiling largely at the construction site, that is, first placing the wood elements on the supports, then attaching the connecting elements, and then connecting the reinforcing elements to the connecting elements, after which the concrete layer is applied. However, it is also possible to carry out parts of these activities in one factory and to deliver the composite ceiling half-finished or finished to the construction site. For example, several wooden elements may already be connected with fasteners to larger units when they are delivered to the site. Optionally, then even reinforcing elements or even the concrete layer can be applied. In this way, the work on the site can be simplified and accelerated.
    To be particularly favorable, it has been found that the wood elements are designed as solid wood beams. As a result, a particularly cost-effective solution can be achieved.
    A structurally particularly favored variant embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the wooden elements are chamfered on their upper side, so that each two adjacent wooden elements form a V-shaped groove extending in the longitudinal direction. As a result, a non-positive and positive connection with the connecting elements can be achieved. This is particularly advantageous if the connecting elements are designed as V-shaped profiles.
    A statically particularly advantageous solution provides that the
    Connecting elements are arranged parallel to the wood elements. As a result, shear forces over the entire length of the wood elements can be transferred to the concrete layer.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the
    Connecting elements formed as profiles having longitudinally extending webs, in which receiving grooves are provided. In addition to optimal power transmission can be ensured in this way, the necessary distance of the reinforcing elements of the boundary of the concrete layer.
    Preferably, the reinforcing elements are designed as Baustahlgitter. This allows the reinforcement to be made simply and in all directions.
    A particularly favorable embodiment variant of the invention provides that milling cuts are provided in the wood elements on a surface facing the concrete layer. In this way, the thrust forces between the wooden elements and the concrete layer are transmitted not only via the connecting elements, but also directly on the boundary surface, so that an additional increase in strength and flexural rigidity can be achieved. It is particularly advantageous, the milled cuts are wedge-shaped. The wedges are provided in particular in the end regions in such a way that the ground rises in the use position to the center and on the side facing the end a support surface is provided which absorbs the shear forces from the concrete layer under load of the composite ceiling. This allows in particular an increased
    Safety in case of fire if the fasteners should fail due to excessive heating.
    The above-explained milled grooves also provide additional safety in the event of a fire, if the connecting elements begin to fail due to extreme heating after prolonged exposure to fire, because then the shear forces can still be transmitted.
    Preferably, a sealing element is provided between two adjacent wooden elements. This can be prevented that concrete water seeps through during the production through the gap between two wood elements and creates unsightly discoloration on the bottom view. As a sealing element, for example, a bead of fire-retardant intumescent acrylic is applied to the bottom of the V-shaped groove.
    The fire resistance can be increased in particular by providing a fire protection element between two adjacent wooden elements. This is especially intumescent, i. It foams when heated and prevents fire from burning into the gap between two wooden elements and prematurely destroying the wooden beams or exposing the connectors to heating that causes failure.
    As a result, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1 shows schematically a composite ceiling according to the invention in one
    Oblique view with partially broken components; FIG. 2 shows a detail of the embodiment of FIG. 1; FIG. FIG. 3 shows a further detail with partially shown concrete layer; FIG. FIG. 4 is a plan view of the composite ceiling of FIGS. 1 to 3; 5 schematically shows a composite ceiling according to the invention in one
    Oblique view with supports; • Fig. 6 shows another detail; FIG. 7 is an oblique view of an alternative variant from below; FIG. and FIG. 8 shows the embodiment of FIG. 7 in an end view.
    In Fig. 1, a portion of a composite ceiling according to the invention is shown with partially omitted components.
    The composite ceiling consists of several wooden elements 1, which are designed as parallel arranged wooden beams. In each case between two wooden elements 1, a connecting element 2 is provided on the upper side, which is formed as parallel to the wooden elements 1 extending profile.
    Reinforcement elements 3 in the form of structural steel gratings are with the
    Connecting elements 2 connected so that the reinforcing elements 3 just above the timber elements 1 parallel to this.
    As can be seen from FIG. 3, a concrete layer 4 is provided above the wooden elements 1, which surrounds the reinforcing elements 3. In the illustration of Fig. 3, this is broken away in front to represent the remaining components can.
    The wooden elements 1 have a substantially rectangular cross-section, wherein the upper two corners are chamfered, so that each two adjacent wooden elements 1 form a V-shaped groove 5 with triangular cross-section. In this groove, an equally V-shaped profile with legs 6a, 6b is adapted in each case, which forms a connecting element 2. At the two ends of the profile in each case a web 7 is integrally formed, which in the longitudinal direction alternately upwardly projecting portions 7a and between horizontally projecting mounting portions 7b.
    The connecting elements 2 are connected by nails 8 with the wooden elements 1, which are driven obliquely into the V-shaped groove 5 on the one hand and on the other hand vertically through the mounting portions 7b in the wooden elements 1. Alternatively, screws or clamps are possible. In addition, a bonding of the connecting elements 2 may be provided with the wood elements 1.
    In an alternative, not shown embodiment variant, a connecting element 2 can also be placed flat on the top of a wooden element 1 in order to ensure the intimate connection of the wooden element 1 with the concrete layer.
    At the top of the upwardly projecting portions 7a receiving grooves 9 are provided, in which the reinforcing elements 3 are received by clamping, so that they play even before the introduction of the concrete with the
    Connecting elements 2 and thus connected to the wood elements 1. It is essential for the invention that due to the tight fit always traction and positive engagement between the reinforcing elements 3 and the connecting elements 2 is given, so that an immediate power transmission is ensured.
    The reinforcing elements are typically hammered into the grooves 9 during manufacture.
    The wood elements 1 have milled 10, which are incorporated in the concrete layer 4 facing tops 11 in end portions 12 of the wood elements 1. The milled recesses 10 are wedge-shaped and have a base 13 rising to the middle of the wooden elements 1, so that in the direction of the ends 5 a support surface 14 is formed, can be transferred to the shear forces from the concrete layer 4. In this way, the concrete layer 4 can be supported under load also on the milled into the 10 protruding sections on the timber elements 1 and thus transmit additional shear forces. These shear forces act outwards, so that the support surfaces 14 can transfer them effectively.
    Typically, the composite floor according to the invention is mounted at its ends on supports 15 shown only in FIG.
    In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, a fire protection element 17 in the form of a spring is inserted between two adjacent wooden elements 1, which prevents a fire from rapidly spreading from the bottom view 16 between the two wooden elements 1 upwards. Preferably, the fire protection element 17 is formed intumescent.
    Alternatively or additionally, a sealing element 18 may be provided in the region of the bottom of the groove 5, which prevents concrete water from seeping down during the application of the concrete between the two wooden elements 1 and the bottom view 16 is affected by discoloration. This sealing element 18 may also have an intumescent section in order to additionally provide fire protection. Alternatively, the sealing element 18 may be arranged in the form of a bead of sealing material at the bottom of the groove 5.
    The composite ceiling can be produced by placing the wooden elements 1 individually on supports 15 and then applying the connecting elements 2 and the reinforcing elements 3, after which the concrete layer 4 is produced. But it can also be done prefabrication, so that already several interconnected wooden elements 1 are placed on the supports 15 and thereafter wherein the connecting elements 2 and the reinforcing elements 3 are already mounted. The concrete layer 4 may optionally already be applied and cured.
    权利要求:
    Claims (27)
    [1]
    1. A method for producing composite ceilings, in which wood elements (1) are placed directly adjacent to each other on supports and connected to each other, wherein connecting elements (2) on the wood elements (1) are fixed and then reinforcing elements (3) placed on the connecting elements (2) be made and by applying a concrete layer (4) a composite ceiling, characterized in that the reinforcing elements (3) without play with the connecting elements (2) are connected.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a connecting element (2) in each case for the connection of two adjacent wooden elements (1) is used.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that a connecting element (2) in a groove (5) is inserted, which is formed between two adjacent wooden elements (1).
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the reinforcing elements (3) in receiving grooves (9) of the connecting elements (2) are used.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a reinforcing element (3) with a plurality of connecting elements (2) is connected.
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the wood elements (1) are aligned in the vertical direction before attaching the connecting elements (2).
    [7]
    7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the connecting elements (2) are glued to the wood elements (1).
    [8]
    8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the wood elements (1) before applying the concrete layer (4) are provided with a hydrophobic protective layer.
    [9]
    9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the connecting elements (2) and the wood elements (1) after placement on the supports (15) are mounted.
    [10]
    10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that between the wood elements (1) a sealing element is introduced.
    [11]
    11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that between the wood elements (1) a fire protection element is introduced.
    [12]
    12. composite ceiling, with a plurality of juxtaposed wooden elements (1) on which connecting elements (2) are mounted, and with a concrete layer which is arranged on the wooden elements (1) and which is provided with reinforcing elements (3), characterized in that the reinforcing elements (3) independent of the concrete layer (4) are connected without play with the connecting elements (2).
    [13]
    13. A composite ceiling according to claim 12, characterized in that a plurality of wood elements (1) by at least one connecting element (2) are interconnected.
    [14]
    14. Composite ceiling according to one of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that the wood elements (1) are designed as solid wood beams.
    [15]
    15. Composite ceiling according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the wooden elements (1) are beveled on its upper side, so that in each case two adjacent timber elements (1) form a V-shaped groove extending in the longitudinal direction (6).
    [16]
    16. A composite ceiling according to claim 15, characterized in that the connecting elements (2) are designed as V-shaped profiles.
    [17]
    17. Composite ceiling according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the connecting elements (2) are arranged parallel to the wood elements (1).
    [18]
    18. Composite ceiling according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that the connecting elements (2) are formed as profiles which have longitudinally extending webs (7), in which receiving grooves (9) are provided.
    [19]
    19. A composite ceiling according to any one of claims 12 to 18, characterized in that the reinforcing elements (3) are designed as Baustahlgitter.
    [20]
    20. A composite floor according to any one of claims 12 to 19, characterized in that in the wooden elements (1) milled areas (10) on one of the concrete layer (4) facing surface (11) are provided.
    [21]
    21. A composite ceiling according to claim 20, characterized in that the milled recesses (10) are wedge-shaped.
    [22]
    22. Composite ceiling according to one of claims 20 to 21, characterized in that the milled recesses (10) are respectively provided in end regions (12) of the wooden elements (1).
    [23]
    23. Composite ceiling according to one of claims 12 to 22, characterized in that the connecting elements (2) are glued to the wood elements (1).
    [24]
    24. Composite ceiling according to one of claims 12 to 23, characterized in that the connecting elements (2) are connected by nails, staples or screws with the wooden elements (1).
    [25]
    25. A composite ceiling according to any one of claims 12 to 24, characterized in that the wood elements (1) are provided with a hydrophobic protective layer.
    [26]
    26. Composite ceiling according to one of claims 12 to 25, characterized in that between two adjacent wooden elements (1), a sealing element (18) is provided.
    [27]
    27. Composite ceiling according to one of claims 12 to 26, characterized in that between two adjacent wooden elements (1) a fire protection element (17) is provided.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
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    CH628107A5|1982-02-15|Toughened CEILING FRAME, ESPECIALLY FOR PRODUCING BUILDING COVERS, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING FIELDS CEILING.
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    DE102018006790A1|2019-03-14|Beam reinforcement composite
    DE3021672A1|1981-01-22|VICE AMOUNT
    EP3252247A1|2017-12-06|Wooden construction element and tongue and groove connection
    EP3591130A1|2020-01-08|Ceiling construction
    DE102015003338A1|2016-09-15|Wood-concrete composite construction and method for its production
    EP2356295A1|2011-08-17|Stretch board
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2019157544A1|2019-08-22|
    EP3752688A1|2020-12-23|
    CN111712606A|2020-09-25|
    AT520303B1|2019-03-15|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    AT600252018A|AT520303B1|2018-02-13|2018-02-13|Method for producing composite ceilings|AT600252018A| AT520303B1|2018-02-13|2018-02-13|Method for producing composite ceilings|
    CA3091031A| CA3091031A1|2018-02-13|2019-02-12|Method for producing composite floors, and composite floor|
    EP19710573.7A| EP3752688B1|2018-02-13|2019-02-12|Method for producing composite floors, and composite floor|
    PCT/AT2019/060051| WO2019157544A1|2018-02-13|2019-02-12|Method for producing composite floors, and composite floor|
    CN201980013075.4A| CN111712606A|2018-02-13|2019-02-12|Manufacturing method of composite floor and composite floor|
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